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Nimbarkacharya – Biography

Sri Nimbarka Acarya comes in the line of the Kumara Sampradaya and is believed to have lived around the 11th and 12th centuries. Born in the modern Murgarapattam in the southern Dravidian province, he was the son of Aruni and Jayanti, a very pious brahman a couple of the Tailanga order.

He was a great ascetic of the Tridandi order. He wrote many books according to the Dvaitadvaitavada and he lived most of his devotional life at a place called Nimbagrama near Govardhana at Vrindavana.

While at Nimbagrama, he defeated a great Jain pandit in a discussion. The Jain had refused to dine with him saying that the Sun had already set and so he would not take any food. At this, Nimbarka by his own potency made the sun appear from a Nimba tree and the astonished Jain accepted his hospitality. It is said that his name Nimbarka or Nimbaditya has been derived from this miracle of Aditya or Arka meaning sun from a nimba tree.

Once in a village near the forest of Bilva Paksha, a group of brahmanas came to engage in the worship of Lord Siva. Just as Lord Visnu is very much pleased when He is offered the leaves of His most beloved Tulasi, so Lord Siva is pleased by offerings of leaves from the bilva or bael tree. Thus the brahmanas worshipped Lord Siva by offering bilva leaves, for a period of one fortnight and satisfied Lord Siva greatly.

Amongst those brahmanas was one whose name was Nimbarka. He had been particularly attentive in his worship of Lord Siva. Being especially pleased with Nimbarka's devotion, Lord Siva personally appeared to him.

"Nimbarka," said Lord Siva, "at the edge of this village is a sacred bael forest. There, in that forest, the four Kumaras are absorbed in meditation. By their mercy you will receive transcendental knowledge, for they are your spiritual masters, and by rendering service unto them you will receive all that is of value." After saying this Lord Siva disappeared.

Nimbarka immediately went to that place and with great determination he searched for the four Kumaras in every direction, until he finally found them, shining as brilliantly as the sun. They were seated on a very beautiful natural platform beneath a tree and they appeared like fire blazing on an altar. They were all very young, seeming to be no more than five years in age, but they appeared most noble in character as they sat there naked, rapt in meditation. Nimbarka was so excited that he cried out, "Hare Krsna!"

This sudden sound startled the four brothers, breaking their meditation. Opening their eyes, they saw before them the blissful form of an ideal devotee, and with great pleasure they embraced Nimbarka, one after another.

"Who are you," they asked, "and why have you come here? We are certainly ready to answer all your prayers."

Nimbarka fell at the feet of the four brothers like a rod, and with great humility he introduced himself.

With a sweet smile on his face Sanat Kumara then said, "The all-merciful Supreme Personality of Godhead, knowing that Kali-yuga will be extremely troublesome for the living entities, resolved to proagate devotional service to Himself. With this goal in m ind, He has empowered four personalities with devotion and sent them into this world to preach. Ramanuja, Madhva, and Visnuswami are three and you are the fourth of these great souls. Laksmi accepted Ramanuja as a disciple, Brahma accepted Madhva, Rudra accepted Visnuswami and meeting you today we have the good fortune of being able to instruct you. This is our intention. Previously we were engaged in meditating on the impersonal Brahman, but by the causeless mercy of Lord Visnu, we have been relieved of this sinful activity. Since I have realised that it is essential to preach pure devotional service, I have composed a literary work entitled Sanat Kumara Samhita. After taking initiation from me, you should follow the instructions I have set forth therein."

Nimbarka was greatly enlivened at the prospect of taking initiation and he immediately ran to take bath in the Ganges. After this he quickly returned and prostrated himself once more before the effulgent brothers.

"O deliverers of the fallen," said Nimbarka, in all humility, "please deliver this low-born rascal."

The four Kumaras gave him the Radha-Krsna mantra and instructed him in the method of worshipping Radha and Krsna with the sentiments of great love called Bhava Marga.

In that sacred bael forest Nimbarka began to worship Sri Sri Radha Krsna according to the Sanat Kumara Samhita and he chanted the mantra they had given him. Very soon Radha and Krsna revealed Themselves to Nimbarka. They stood before him, spreading an effulgence which illuminated all directions. In sweet voices They addressed him thus: "Nimbarka, you are very fortunate, for you have performed Sadhana in Sri Navadwipa. We both combine, and assume one form, as the son of Sacidevi." At that moment Radha and Krsna combined and displayed Their form of Gauranga.

Beholding this splendid vision, Nimbarka began to tremble. "Never," he said, "Never have I ever seen or heard of such a form at any time."

Lord Gauranga then said, "Keep this form, which I now show you, a secret for the time being. Just preach about devotional service and the pastimes of Radha and Krsna, for I gain great satisfaction from this. When I make My appearance and perform My education pastimes, you will also appear. Taking birth in Kashmir as a great pandit, you will tour all over India defeating all opposition. Your reputation and learning will be celebrated everywhere and you will be known as Kesava Kashmiri. Whilst wandering in Sri Navadwipa you will come to Sri Mayapur. Simply by hearing your name all the great pandits of Navadwipa will flee. Intoxicated with scholastic pride, I will take great pleasure in defeating you. However, by the mercy of Mother Sarasvati, the goddess o f learning, you will realize My true identity. Giving up your false pride, you will take shelter of Me and I will reward you with the supreme gift of loving devotional service and will again despatch you to preach. Thus you can satisfy Me by preaching the philosophy of dvaita-advaita. Keep My identity a secret. In the future when I begin My sankirtan movement, I will personally preach, taking the essence of your philosophy and the philosophies of Madhva, Ramanuja and Visnuswami."

After instructing Nimbarka in this way, Lord Gauranga disappeared, and filled with intense ecstacy, Nimbarka began to shed tears of love. After worshipping the lotus feet of his gurus and taking their permission, he left Sri Navadwipa to begin his preaching mission.

(Source: Sri Navawipa-dham mahatmya)

Nimbarkacharya

   The main exponent of the Kumara or Chatuhsana sampradaya (this knowledge was transmitted to the four Kumaras by the Hamsa avatara), who lived in the 13th century and propagated the doctrine called dvaita advaita, "simultaneous oneness and duality".

   Shri Nimbarkacharya is believed to be the incarnation of the Sudarshana Chakra (the Discus weapon of Krishna)

   At the end of Treta Yuga, the Brahmanas, being afraid of the Asuras, prayed to Lord Hari. They also prayed to Brahma who himself prayed to Lord Hari again. Then the Lord summoned his own Sudarshana Chakra -a part of Himself- and commanded him to descend on earth to revive and teach the Vaishnava Dharma which was waning and which he could learn from Narada, and spread it all around. 

Nimbarkacharya

Shri Nimbarkacharya is believed to be the incarnation of the Sudarshana Chakra (the Discus weapon of Krishna) (In the wallpaper: in the middle Lord Shri Vishnu on Garuda, Sudarshana Chakra of Lord Jagannath Temple, Puri, Shri Nimbarka Acharya in the left).

   The incarnation of the Sudarshana Chakra occurred, according to the Bhavishya Purana in the month of Kartika on the evening of the full moon in the year 3096 BCE. His mother, Jayanti and father, Aruna were Tailanga Brahmanas, who resided on the banks of the river Godavari at a place known as Telinga, the modern Vaidurya Pattanam in Andhra Pradesh. He was named Niyamananda at birth. The region was famed for its scholarly learning, and by the age of 16, Niyamananda had mastered the Vedas and all related philosophical scripture. With the permission of his parents, Niyamananda then embarked on a search of a true Guru. Upon reaching Govardhan in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, he began practising penance under the shade of Neem trees. Pleased with his penance, the Sage Narada blessed him with the knowledge of true Vedanta, the doctrine of Dvaitadvaita – or unity in duality. After this, Niyamananda begged Narada to accept him as a disciple. The great sage Narada gave him initiation according to Vaishnava rites, and bestowed him the Shalagrama Deity known as Shri Sarveshvara (the Lord of All). Continuing, Narada renamed him Haripriya (one dear to the Lord). He then instructed Niyamananda on the Gopala Mantra of the Gopalatapini Upanishad. Once completed, the Sage Narada instructed him to practise further penance with that Mantra and all will be revealed before leaving.

   In the ritual recitation and meditation upon that mantra, the Lord revealed Himself as Shri Radha-Krishna. Niyamananda worshipped them, and was blessed with the recollection of his former glory as the Sudarshana Chakra of that very Lord. The Lord instructed him to teach this philosophy to all, and departed.

   In a famous incident, having established his ashrama (monastery/hermitage) at that place near Govardhan now known as Nimbagrama, Niyamananda began to teach the disciples who dedicated themselves to his mission. Brahma disguised himself as a renounciate and ventured to this hermitage just before sunset, where the two engaged in philosophical debate. Niyamananda, being victorious, then offered the guest some refreshments, but he refused, as the sun had set and it would be against the rules of the renounciates. Niyamananda had to make sure the renounciate ate, otherwise the rules of receiving a guest would be broken. The enlightened Niyamananda projected some of the effulgence of his being over the neem trees and the renounciate agreed to accept the refreshment. Thereafter, Brahma revealed himself and blessed him on his knowledge of the Supreme, and gave him a new name – Nimbarka, the one who has placed the Sun in the midst of the Neem trees.

   It is with this name that he became famous, though his exact date of death is not known. His disciplic tradition continues unbroken till today, however the information regarding the leaders between leaders 12 and 13 is lost; amongst which were many hundred leaders, due to interference from foreign invaders.

   Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimbarka